material和stuff和substance

Material: 材料, 在英文里一般指用作制造某样物件的东西 (we used some expensive materials to create this delicious dish)，也可指文件（如：The materials we prepared for the court inculded a cover letter, and .....)

substance: 物质, 一般用于较专业的用语，指某特定物质（如：the immune response recognizes invading substances), 也可指烟、酒和毒品的统称（如：substance abuse can cause serious consequences.)

stuff: 就是’东西‘的意思，比较口语化，如：I don't like stuff that smells like durian - 我不喜欢闻起来像榴莲的东西。